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Fujitsu

Fujitsu: The Makers of World’s Most Powerful Computers.

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Fujitsu is one of the leading IT services providers in the world and also ranked fourth by annual revenue among the largest IT service companies in 2018. The company has been in the business for the past ninety-plus years, and apart from IT services, the company specializes in hardware products manufacturing, like personal and enterprise computing products.

 Fujitsu has been ranked among the Global 500 companies by Fortune, and the latter has also named it as one of the world’s most admired companies. The company has expanded its operations in almost 100 countries, and around 132,138 employees work for the company in its global offices. The company recorded total revenue of $35.492B in the year 2020. The company headquarter is situated at Shiodome City Center, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Products and Services

Fujitsu started as a manufacturer and supplier of the automatic switching system, but later, the company tried its hands in products like computers, telecommunication equipment, cloud computing, AI as well as telecommunication IT services. The company is one of the largest computer manufacturers and also specializes in the development of the microprocessor. These microprocessors by Fujitsu include SPARC-compliant CPU (SPARClite), the Venus, Fujitsu FR, FR-V, and ARM architecture, etc.

PRIMERGY is the company’s computer line, and it launched its Windows phones under the ETERNUS series. LifeBook and Amilo are the famous notebook series from Fujitsu. The company is also in the cloud service business and has its data centers established in Japan, Australia, Singapore, the U.S, Germany, and the U.K.

The Establishment of Fujitsu

Fujitsu is a spin-off company that came out of a joint venture named Fuji Electric Company between Furukawa Electric Company and the German conglomerate Siemens, founded in 1923. The company was founded on 20 June 1935 as Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing. It started as an automatic switching system manufacturers, and in 1938, established its first manufacturing plant in Kawasaki. The next years, it entered into the radio transmission field and also started the production of the power-line carrier devices.

In 1954, the company launched FACOM 100 mainframe, Japan’s first computer. Only after five years, Fujitsu also started to work on second-generation computers, and in 1961, it came out with FACOM 222 mainframe. The company continued to manufacture mainframe computers till 2002 and experimented with all generation computers.

Fujitsu
Image Source: senseiprojectsolutions.com

Fuji Telecommunications Equipment Manufacturing was rebranded as Fujitsu in 1967. In 1971, the company partnered with CCL, a Canadian company, and started the distribution of the latter’s data entry device, Key-Edit. The company also joined its hands with The Queen’s University of Belfast business incubation unit to form a joint venture named Kaino. In 1990, the company launched the series of the world’s fastest mainframe computers. Fujitsu also came with the world’s first 21-inch full-color plasma display in 1992. During the same time, it made acquisitions like ICL (a British company) and KME-CS (a Russian company).

Fujitsu established a joint venture named Spansion with AMD in 1993 and started to manufacture flash memory devices. By this time, the company had also launched its manufacturing units and R&D centers in countries like Texas, Thailand, Malaysia, and China. In June 1999, Siemens (previously the parent company of Fujitsu) partnered with Fujitsu to form a joint venture for their European computer operations with the name Fujitsu Siemens Computers. The two companies owned equal shares in Fujitsu Siemens Computers.

In 2007, the company partnered with Reuters Group to access its IT services. The same year, the company also established a development center in Noida, India. The company sold its HDD business to Toshiba and acquired the complete operations of Fujitsu Siemens Computers, turning the latter into Fujitsu Technology Solutions in 2009. It also acquired an Australian company named Supply Chain Consulting and the Telstra subsidiary Kaz in the same year.

In 2015, the company partnered with VMware and acquired USharesoft. The company started to manufacture the 5G telecommunication equipment in 2019, NTT Docomo and NEC being its major customers. In June 2020, Fujitsu manufactured the world’s most powerful supercomputer named Fugaku in collaboration with the RIKEN research institute. The company has also started to work on Artificial Intelligence and has built an AI monitor to recognize complex hand movements.

The CEO: Takahito Tokita

Takahito Tokita is the current CEO, President, and Chief DX Officer of Fujitsu Ltd. He has been working with Fujitsu since 1988, and since then, he has been appointed to many leadership posts. Tokita has got a Bachelor’s degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He has years of experience as a systems engineer and in the financial services sector.

Micron Technology

Micron Technology: From a Budding Consulting Firm to Largest Semiconductor Producers.

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There have been incidents where except the founder of a company, nobody believes in their idea. But as time passes, people start recognizing the ability of the company and the potential of its back idea. A similar case happened with the American semiconductor and memory device manufacturer Micron Technology, as people mocked the founders for thinking of diving into the huge competition. But later, they realized the worth of the company and the vision of the founders. Micron Technology started as a semiconductor consulting business, and with time, became the largest semiconductor and memory chip producer in the industry.

A Brief Introduction

Micron Technology is an America-based memory device and semiconductor manufacturer, with its headquarter located in Boise, Idaho, U.S. The company specializes in the manufacturing of dynamic random-access memory, flash memory, and USB flash drives. As of 2020, the total recorded revenue of the company was US$21.44 billion, and around 40,000 people are working for the company.

Micron Technology
Image Source: businesskorea.co.kr

The Founding of Micron Technology

Four design engineers Ward Parkinson, Joe Parkinson, Dennis Wilson, and Doug Pitman from Mostek Corporation, left their well-paying job to establish Micron Technology in 1978. The company started its operations as a semiconductor design consulting company from the basement of a dentist’s office in Boise, Idaho. It raised its initial funding from some local investors as not many were interested in investing in a new company.

Eventually, Micron Technology successfully established its first wafer fabrication unit in 1981 and started manufacturing the 64K DRAM chips. Just in one year, the company manufactured and supplied around one million chips in 1982. The idea of starting their own manufacturing unit helped the company go public in just six years of its inception.

At the beginning of the 90s, the chips from Micron Technology made their way into the manufacturing of newly introduced personal computers. The growing demand for Micron chips led the company to establish a new manufacturing unit worth 1.3 billion in Utah. In order to expand its operation, the company acquired Texas Instruments’ memory division in 1998.

Micron Technology
Image Source: events.wsu.edu

At the beginning of the 2000s, Micron Technology started to manufacture atomic layer deposition high-k films for DRAM memory devices as well as the 30-nm class NAND flash memory. The latter has been a popular discovery among manufacturers worldwide. In 2005, the company joined its hands with Intel to establish a joint venture named IM Flash Technologies. The next year, Micron went on to acquire Lexar, and in 2008, the company bought the stakes of Qimonda in Inotera technologies. In the next 5-7 years, the company acquired names like Displaytech, Numonyx, Inotera Memories, Elpida Memory, etc.

Micron Technology partnered with Intel in May 2018 and launched the QLC NAND memory, equipment to enhance the storage density. The same year, Micron Technology was among the top 500 companies on the Fortune 500 USA list. In 2019, the company introduced the first 1TB microSD card, and the next year, the company’s 3.84TB Micron 5210 Ion became the world’s cheapest but large capacity SSD. The same year Micron technology joined its hands with NVIDIA to enter the field of graphics processing unit manufacturing and also introduced its latest 176-layer 3D NAND chip with better read and write latency.

The CEO: Sanjay Mehrotra

Sanjay Mehrotra is the serving CEO of Micron Technology. He is an Indian-born American entrepreneur, who is also known as the co-founder of the flash memory products manufacturer company, SanDisk. Mehrotra completed his high school education from Sardar Patel Vidyalaya, Lodhi Road, Delhi, and joined BITS Pilani to pursue his graduation. Later he got transferred to the University of California, Berkeley, where he completed a bachelors’ as well as a master’s degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences.

In 1988, he co-founded SanDisk and held many important roles at the company. For a period from 2011 to 2016, he served the company as the president and the CEO. He left SanDisk after it was acquired by Western Digital in 2016. In May 2017, he was appointed as the chief executive officer of Micron Technology.

Lam Research

Lam Research: The Innovative Journey of a Future-oriented Company.

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Innovation is what keeps a company to stay relevant to the changing market trends. This innovation keeps the company going and deal with high-pressure competition. Lam Research is a company that also believes in adapting the change and making use of the technology of the future. This very attitude has kept Lam Research stay on the top in the semiconductor market even after 30 years of its inception, and it has never failed to impress its clients with the innovation it brings for them.

Establishment of Lam Research

Lam Research is a leading semiconductor processing equipment design and manufacturing company. It serves the major semiconductor manufacturing businesses from all around the world. The major areas where the company serves, include the United States, Europe, and Asia. The company products involve the manufacturing of equipment for front-end wafer processing and back-end wafer-level packaging (WLP).

Lam Research company headquarter is located in Fremont in Silicon Valley, California. As of 2019, Lam Research made an annual revenue of US$ 9.65 billion, and around 10,700 employees are working for the company in its various branches in the world. Currently, Timothy M. Archer is serving Lam Research as the president and chief executive officer. Before that, he was working as the executive vice president and chief operating officer of the company.

Products from Lam Research

The company specializes in manufacturing thin film deposition, plasma etch, photoresist strip, etc., for the manufacturing of semiconductors. The company offers smart wafer processing solutions for the tine chips to be used in the transistor, interconnect, patterning, advanced memory, and packaging to sensors and transducers. The products made by the company are essentially used in mobile phones, computing devices, entertainment systems, and also in the new smart cars.

Lam Research
Image Source: twitter.com

The Back Story

David K. Lam founded Lam Research in 1980. Lam was working as an engineer at Hewlett-Packard when he thought of bringing better plasma etching equipment into the market at the time when the semiconductors were reducing in size. He was sceptical about his business plan, but Intel’s founder Bob Noyce helped him in raising the funds for the company.

The Company introduced its first automated polysilicon plasma etcher, AutoEtch 480, in 1981 and sold the first system in the January of the next year. Just four years of its inception, the company had its first IPO on NASDAQ, and it traded as LRCX. Though Lam was the founder of Lam Research, he left the company in 1985 and joined Link Technologies. During the late 80s and the beginning of the 90s, the company had started to expand overseas. The company established its factory units and customer support centers in countries like Taiwan, the U.S., China, Korea, Singapore, and Japan.

Lam Research also did some major acquisitions during the same time. It acquired the chip equipment manufacturing company, OnTrak Systems Inc., in 1997 by paying a sum of $225 Million. This acquisition helped the company grow even faster. In fact, the CEO of OnTrak Jim Bagley was also appointed the CEO of Lam Research in the same year. In the late 2000s, Lam Research made some powerful acquisitions, including Bullen Semiconducto (2005), SEZ (2008), and Novellus Systems (2011). Lam Research also made it to the Fortune 500 list in 2016.

Lam Research in 2017 established an investment firm named Lam Research Capital to enhance its investments in new companies.

The Founder: David K. Lam

Before becoming a famous entrepreneur in the U.S., David K. Lam had to wander around in various countries. He was born in Guangdong, China on 10 February 1943, but he spent most of his childhood in Cholon, South Vietnam. In the mid-50s, he, along with his family, moved to Hong Kong, where he joined Pui Ching Middle School.

To complete his further studies, Lam flew to Canada and attended the University of Toronto, and received a bachelor’s degree in Applied Science in Engineering Physics in 1967. He then completed an M.S. degree and an Sc.D. doctoral degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the 1970 and 1973, respectively. As soon he completed his education, he joined Texas Instruments and Hewlett-Packard. This was the same time when he thought of founding Lam Research. Currently, Lam is serving as the chairman of Multibeam Corporation.

SK Hynix

SK Hynix: The Second-largest Memory Chipmaker in the World

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South Korea is known for its innovative and advanced technologies. There are several companies from South Korea making big in the technology industry. SK Hynix of South Korea is the third-largest semiconductor company and the second-largest chipmaker in the world. The company, with its innovation, has given the world multiple discoveries in the field of semiconductor and memory chips.

A Brief Introduction

SK Hynix is the world’s largest provider of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) and flashes memory chips. The company headquarters in Icheon, South Korea, and its worldwide customer list includes Apple, HP Inc., Dell, etc. Hynix’s memory products are used in DVD players, mobile phones, set-top boxes, networking equipment, hard disk drives, etc. The company has its manufacturing units in various countries, including the US, Taiwan, and China. As of 2016, 22,254 are working at Hynix, and the total recorded revenue of the company as of 2018 was US$35.27 billion.

History and Formation of SK Hynix

Though the company was founded on 1 October 1949, it became famous only after it was rebranded in 1983. The company started its journey as Gukdo in 1949 and got a new name, i.e., Hyundai Electronics Industries Co. Ltd. in 1983. There was mass production of 256K DRAM in the company, and it also started to produce the Multifunctional Phone LX-2 in 1985. The company partnered with IBM to establish a PC sales agency and entered the US with the establishment of the US corporation (HEA).

In 1986, other than its B2B clients, Hyundai started to focus on B2C clients through its Hyundai Blue Chip PC. The company was manufacturing the car radios, developed CMOS type 256K EPROM, and also started the production of a key phone-based private switchboard, PABXHX50. The company developed the 4th generation switchboard HX-400 in 1987 and partnered with MOS Electronic Co. to develop the 256K SRAM. It also launched a satellite broadcasting receiver during the same time. In 1988, Hyundai came with the automatic answering machine and established its European corporation, HEE. At that time, it was at the top in the export of PCs in South Korea.

SK Hynix
Image Source: pulsenews.co.kr

Hyundai became the first company to export PCs to Japan in 1989. It also developed the 256K Fast SRAM in the same year. It was the 20th largest company in the semiconductor market in the world. In 1990, the company was mass-producing cameras and started to export them to the US. Along with that, it established the HEA Semiconductor and Computer R&D Center and also started to develop bps Pagers and 1M DRAM, becoming the first company in Korea to do that.

Hyundai developed the smallest and the lightest mobile phone in South Korea in 1991. The company also entered the Singapore market in the same year by establishing the Singapore corporation (HES) which was into 486 PC production. The next year, the company came with G4 FAX, a private switchboard HNT-832, built-in car audio systems, and completed the construction of FAB 2 B-Line. By the mid-90s, Hyundai had become the major supplier of semiconductor devices, car-audio, telecom products manufacturer, and provider of monitor & terminal category products. The company acquired Maxtor (US HDD manufacturer) and also developed the CD autochanger in 1993.

Hyundai is credited for the development of the world’s first MPEG-2 SAVI decoder chip and the world’s first 256M SRAM. In 1996, Hyundai had its first IPO on the Korea Stock Exchange. It also developed the world’s first Synclink DRAM test product and 1G synchronous DRAM using SOI technology. Hyundai acquired a large stockholder’s share of LG Semiconductor and merged into LG’s LG Electronics division in 1999.

In 2000, there was a spin-off in the company, forming Hyundai Image Quest, Hyundai Autonet, and Hyundai Calibration & Certification Technologies. Hyundai Electronics was rebranded as Hynix Semiconductor Inc. in 2001, after another spin-off from the Hyundai Group. In 2006, Hynix recorded its highest revenues since the formation of the Hyundai Group.

In 2010, Hynix partnered with HP for the development of Next Generation Memory Products, ReRAM. SK Group of South Korea acquired a 21.05% stake in Hynix in 2012, and the company started to operate as SK Hynix. The acquisition has been great for the growth of SK Hynix. 

The CEO: Lee Seok-Hee

SK Hynix CEO
Image Source: kedglobal.com

Lee Seok-Hee is serving as the President and CEO, SK Hynix Inc since 2018. He became a member of the board of the company in 2017. Lee did his graduation and post-graduation from Seoul National University and went for further studies at Stanford University to complete a Ph.D.

Infineon Technologies AG

Infineon Technologies AG: A Spin-Off Company Making Big in the Semiconductor Industry

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The founding of semiconductors provided opportunities to many creative minds, and as a result, we have some big names in the industry who are the major contributors to the growth of the IT industry. Infineon Technologies AG is one of the largest semiconductor producers and suppliers in the world and is known to serve three main divisions: Automotive, Industrial Electronics, and Chip Card and Security Applications. The company has a history as old as the birth of the telegraph, but it officially started its operations as an independent company on 1 April 1999.

History and Formation of Infineon

Infineon Technologies AG is the result of the spin-off of its parent company Siemens Semiconductor. Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske founded Semiconductor as Siemens & Halske on 1 October 1847 in Germany, and the company was a mere workshop in the beginning. Siemens & Halske was a telegraph manufacturing company and built the first long-distance telegraph line in Europe in 1848. By 1850, the company also started to provide its services in Russia, and in 1867, Siemens built the monumental Indo-European telegraph line stretching from London to Calcutta, over 11,000 km. Siemens is also credited for 1881’s first electric street lighting in the town of Godalming using AC Alternator driven by a watermill.

The company was experimenting in almost every field, from the light bulb to electric train, and at the same time, it was expanding overseas. During the beginning of 1900, it had become the seventh-largest company in the German empire. In the 1920s, Siemens & Halske started to manufacture radios, television sets, and electron microscopes.

Infineon Technologies AG
Image Source: en.wikipedia.org

It was the 1950s when the arrival of computers and the discovery of semiconductors encouraged Siemens & Halske to try their hands in the production of computers and semiconductor devices. Along with that, the company also invested in washing machines and pacemakers production. It also launched its first digital exchange in 1980.

In 1977, the company partnered with Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) to enter the American market and also established the Advanced Micro Computers (AMC), in Silicon Valley and in Germany to start the development of microcomputers. In the 90s, the company acquired several companies with different expertise and had a spun off in 1999, which resulted in the formation of Infineon Technologies, a legally independent company, dedicated to semiconductor manufacturing.

With the formation of Infineon Technologies AG, there was an erosion in the prices of DRAMs (Dynamic Random Access Memory), and now, the company was free to engage new customers other than Siemens. The very first year of its inception, the company produced and supplied the chips for chip cards. Though it was the first year of its operations, Infineon Technologies AG performed exceptionally well, with a recorded profit of US$70 million in its first fiscal year.

In the year 2000, Infineon started to focus on mobile communications, Internet access, electronic banking, electronic and mobile commerce along with innovative security and authentication systems. During the same time, it also introduced its first Bluetooth chipset.

Acquisitions

In 2007, Infineon partnered with Golden Gate Capital Wireline Communications for €250 million. This partnership led to the formation of Lantiq. The company sold its business segment of wireless solutions to Intel in 2011 for a sum of US$1.4 billion. In January 2011, it went on to acquire International Rectifier Corporation (IR) paying around $3 billion. Infineon bought the MEMS and LiDAR systems producers Innoluce in 2016. It also acquired Cypress Semiconductors in 2020.

The CEO                                       

Reinhard Ploss is currently serving as the CEO of Infineon AG and was appointed to the post on 1 October 2012. He has done a doctorate in process engineering from the Technical University of Munich. He has been working with Siemens since 1986 and started as a process engineer for ion implantation at the company. In 1993, he was appointed to take over the technical management in the Villach (Austria) of the company. With the spun-off of Simens, he became the head of the Infineon Industrial Power division. At the same time, he also served as the managing director of the Infineon subsidiary. In 2007, he became a member of Infineon Management Board for Manufacturing, and finally, in 2012, he was promoted to the post of CEO of Infineon Technologies AG.

Bell Canada

Bell Canada: The Largest Telecommunications Company of Canada.

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Bell Canada started as a division of the Bell Telephone Company, the founder of the telephone. But for the last 140 years, it has been working as an independent company, keeping the name of its founder, Bell, along with it. With time, the company opted for all new technologies, and today, it sits at the top of its rivals in the Canadian telecommunication industry.

About The Company

Bell Canada is a renowned Canadian telecommunication company. The company serves as ILEC (incumbent local exchange carrier) in the Ontario and Quebec region and as a CLEC (competitive local exchange carrier) for its enterprise customers in the western part of the country. The Company has over 13 million active phone lines serving its customers. The company was founded in 1880 and headquarters at Verdun, Quebec, Canada.

Bell Canada
Image Source: play.google.com

The Company specializes in services like fixed-line and mobile telephony, internet services, digital television, radio broadcasting, etc. The subsidiary companies of Bell Canada include Bell Mobility, Bell Aliant, Bell MTS, Virgin Mobile Canada, Bell Internet, Bell Satellite TV, Bell Fibe TV, and Lucky Mobile.

The Back Story of Bell Canada

The History of Bell Canada goes back to the 1870s, almost 140 years back, when Alexander Graham Bell founded the Bell Telephone Company in Boston, Massachusetts. Bell Telephone was successfully providing its services to its American customers, but it lagged in its services in Canada. For few years, the company was offering its services on lease on customers’ private telephones as well as over the subscription of the third-party telecommunications service providers.

The National Bell Telephone Company from Boston acquired the Bell Telephone Company’s Canadian division on 29 April 1980 and renamed it the Bell Telephone Company of Canada Ltd. Charles Fleetford Sise, a U.S. executive was appointed to head the company as its general manager, who later became the key person in the growth of the company.

For about 80 years from its inception, Bell Telephone Company of Canada Ltd. was known as the “The Bell” or “Bell Telephone”, but on 7 March 1968, it was renamed Bell Canada by the Canadian federal legislation. During this time, the company had also started to serve overseas.

In 1974, the company introduced the first 9-1-1 emergency calling system for police, fire, and ambulance services in Ontario and London. The next year, the company installed the world’s largest “Centrex” system for the Alberta Government. The same year, Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission also became a government regulatory body and was used to broadcast bigger events as hockey matches live. On 16 December 1977, the company carried out the first trial for the fiber optic technology in Montreal.

In 1980, the company introduced the first digital switching units, and in 1982, the company launched the first cellular telephone system in Alberta. Bell Canada Enterprises Inc. acquired the rights of Bell Canada and became the parent company of the latter. By 1990, Canada was having the world’s largest contiguous cellular network. In 1992, CRTC (Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) opened doors for long-distance competition, and in 1998, the company entered the public phone service sector. Till 1997, the company was having a monopoly in the telecommunication sector in Canada, but the deregulation by the federal government ended the monopoly of Bell Canada by 80%.

Bell Canada entered into a competition with many other telecommunication companies, Rogers Communications, Telus, and Shaw Communications being its major rivals. Still, it continues to be at the top of the telecommunication industry of Canada. As of 2019, the total recorded revenue of the company was C$23.96 billion, and 52,100 people are employed in the company.

The Innovative Mind Behind the Company

Charles Fleetwood Sise Sr. was one of the first presidents of Bell Canada, who is greatly credited for the growth of the company. Sise was born on 27 September 1834 in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. His father was a merchant and had shares in ships. So after getting a basic education till the age of 16, Sise also went on to work on a ship. While working on the ship, he was promoted to become the captain of his ship and sailed across the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

Charles Fleetwood Sise Sr. Founder of Bell Canada
Image Source: bce.ca

In 1860, Sise came back to run a ship-brokering business in New Orleans. But just 6-7 years after he started his business, he switched his career to enter the insurance industry. This new career path made him reach the future president of the Bell Telephone Company of Canada, William H. Forbes. Forbes offered him a job as the corporate agent of National Bell Telephone and later sent Sise to Canada to head the Canadian division of National Bell Telephone (Bell Canada).

According to Biographer Robert E. Babe, Sise was one of the most passionate persons when it came to working. He was responsible for the growth of the company, as he was the influential part of most of the big decisions of the company and led many acquisitions of several telephone and telegraph companies in Canada.